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Main Guard (Gibraltar)
The Main Guard is a historic, 18th-century guardhouse in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. While the exact date of its construction is unknown, it is the oldest building in John Mackintosh Square. The French artist Henri Regnault produced three paintings while a visitor at the Main Guard. After being displayed at the guardhouse for many years, they are now kept at the Gibraltar Museum. The building's function has changed with the centuries. The Main Guard first served as a guardhouse; in the 20th century, it functioned as a fire station, bath house, and government offices. Since 2001, the building has housed the Gibraltar Heritage Trust and underwent restoration in 2011.
==The first 100 years==
The Main Guard is a historic building in Gibraltar, the British Overseas Territory at the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula. It is located on the south end of what is now known as John Mackintosh Square, near Gibraltar City Hall, formerly referred to as ''Connaught House''. While the exact date of its construction is unknown, the Main Guard building is the oldest in the square.〔 The first references to the building are found in documents which date to the mid 18th century. In 1748, a Gibraltar visitor who stayed at an inn on the ''Parade'', a former name for John Mackintosh Square, wrote that the "grand guard house" was near his hotel and that it was "one of the neatest buildings" in the area. He described it as "but one storey high" which, based on his observation, was the usual height of the buildings in Gibraltar. He further related that in front of the guardhouse, on the Parade, was a "whipping post, where almost every day soldiers are brought to feel the scourge."〔 Floggings were meted out at the Parade as a form of military punishment.
In the mid 18th century, John Mackintosh Square was used as a parade ground known as the ''Parade''. The building is shown in a plan drawn in 1750, but published in 1770, and referred to as the ''Main Guard Room''. On a 1753 plan of the Parade, it was labelled as the ''Main Guard''. Its location near the King's Bastion meant that it sustained extensive damage during the Great Siege of Gibraltar (1779-1783).〔 The second storey present today was likely added when the guardhouse was rebuilt. In an 1830s image of Commercial Square, another previous name for John Mackintosh Square, the building is shown with two storeys.〔 The 1830s painting ''(pictured above)'' by British artist Thomas Colman Dibdin (1810 – 1893) shows the Main Guard with officers stationed outside, as well as the nearby Exchange and Commercial Library on the eastern side of the square.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://gibraltar-intro.blogspot.com/2012/03/chapter-3-1784-giovanni-maria-boschetti.html )〕 Every evening, the sentries in Gibraltar would receive their assignments at the Main Guard.〔 Early 19th-century regulations in Gibraltar required that any inhabitant wandering in the streets after midnight without a permit was to be transferred to the Main Guard. In addition, any inebriated soldier in the city was to be sent to that same guardhouse.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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